为什么听懂读懂了英文,还是记不住?
发表于 ・ 资讯中心
在英语的阅读和听力中,很多同学的一个困惑是:
为什么我明明听懂、读懂了,但就是记不住?
回答题目的时候,有一种一问三不知的感觉。
首先,不排除,有些同学压根没看懂句子和段落,所谓看懂只是看懂了偶尔的一些关键词,让他们做句子概述完全说不清楚句子的意思,这就不叫看懂了,只是自己的幻觉。那就还是老老实实去背单词,分析句子。
其次,确实有这种情况。每个句子都能概述出来核心内容,但是一个段落看完了、一篇文章看完了,却想不起来到底讲的什么。
根本原因是:
缺乏逻辑理解。
--
我举个例子。
给你一个15位的数字:736746253498579
是不是每个数字都看懂了,但是根本记不住?
给你换一组数字:202404011314520
然后我告诉你,今天是2024年4月1日,有人在网上表白1314520
有没有顿时觉得上面的数字非常好记了?
为什么下面这组数字比上面更好记?
因为下面这组数字是有内在的逻辑联系的。从时间的联系(年月日),到内容的联系(表白1314520)。
其实两组数字本身的难度是没有区别的,区别在于我们赋予了他们逻辑关系和含义。
不知道你们有没有听说过世界记忆冠军们经常使用的一种记忆方法:“记忆宫殿”。他们就是通过空间,把要记忆的东西(比如数字)排列成一定的逻辑关系,然后记住它们。
所以记忆的关键是什么:逻辑。
当逻辑关系弄不清楚的时候,就会导致信息碎片化。乱七八糟的信息,当然很难记住了。就像第一组数字一样。
--
所以我们怎么解决这个问题:
1. 弄清到底什么是逻辑?
逻辑的定义本身当然比较复杂,甚至还有逻辑学这个学科。
但是我们学习语言,备考托福,不需要弄得这么复杂,简化一下,逻辑其实就是一种关系。所以我们经常会把这两个词放在一起“逻辑关系”。
关系就是一种逻辑。
比如先有你妈妈,才有了你。你们之间就是一种时间先后关系和因果的关系。
2. 有哪些常见的逻辑关系和信号词?
(可以用CHATGPT来多次回答)
3. 实战:画出阅读和听力中的逻辑关系
我多次推荐的画图法,大家一定要用上。边读/边听+边画,理解和记忆会轻松很多。
比如这篇托福阅读的文章:Early Ideas about Deep-sea Biology
其中第四段:
The central implication of all these misconceptions was that nothing could live in the abyss (deep), just as Forbes’s observations seemed to indicate. But Forbes erred in two ways. One was the particular study site he happened to use as a springboard for his sweeping postulate of a lifeless abyss. Although the Aegean had been the birthplace of marine biology, its depths are now known to be exceptionally lacking in animal diversity. Moreover, through no fault of his own, Forbes was not particularly successful at sampling such life as did exist at the bottom of the Aegean. It was his dredge that was inadequate. Its opening was so small and the holes in the net so large that the dredge inevitably missed animals. Many of those it did catch must have poured out of its open mouth when Forbes reeled it in. His azoic zone, then, was a plausible but wild extrapolation from pioneering but feeble data.
看着有点晕是不是?
来找找逻辑关系:
The central implication of all these misconceptions was that nothing could live in the abyss (deep), just as Forbes’s observations seemed to indicate. But (转折)Forbes erred in two ways (并列关系). One was the particular study site he happened to use as a springboard for his sweeping postulate of a lifeless abyss. Although the Aegean had been the birthplace of marine biology,(让步和转折关系) its depths are now known to be exceptionally lacking in animal diversity. Moreover (并列关系), though no fault of his own, Forbes was not particularly successful at sampling such life as did exist at the bottom of the Aegean. It was his dredge that was inadequate. Its (指代关系) opening was so small and the holes in the net so large that the dredge inevitably missed animals. Many of those it (指代关系)did catch must have poured out of its open mouth when Forbes reeled it in. His azoic zone, then (推理关系), was a plausible but (转折关系)wild extrapolation from pioneering but feeble data.
概括来看关键词和逻辑关系就是:
前面讲到的中心观点就是深海没有生命。^ 但是Forbes的观点有2个错误。
1错在选址上 + 2错在筛选的样本上(他的dredge这个工具有问题,一直在指代这个东西)。
-> 所以得出结论,尽管❤️看似合理,但是他的理论还是不对。
(注意我用到的符号,+表示并列, ->表示推理,^表示转折,❤️表示让步等,可以个性化定义自己的符号系统。)
这样在做最后6选3的题目时,即使不回看原文,也能记得,或者根据画图笔记想起来内容,不会忘记了。
最后,记住这个公式:
看懂关键词 + 理解逻辑关系 = 真正的理解和记忆
发表评论:
◎欢迎参与讨论,请在这里发表您的看法、交流您的观点。